The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) consists of 3 stances: double-leg stance (hands on the hips and feet together), single-leg stance (standing on the nondominant leg with hands on hips), and a tandem stance (nondominant foot behind the dominant foot) in a heel-to-toe fashion ( Figure 1). 17 An equilibrium score can be calculated on the basis of a person’s limit of stability.Ĭlinicians do not often have access to instrumented balance testing devices.
The test systematically disrupts the sensory selection process by altering available somatosensory and/or visual information while measuring the ability to minimize postural sway. The NeuroCom Smart Balance System (NeuroCom International, Inc, Clackamas, Oregon) uses the Sensory Organization Test to measure vertical ground reaction forces produced from the body’s center of gravity moving around a fixed base of support. 24 Common variables include sway area and sway velocity using force plates.
16, 27 Instrumented testing devices attempt to objectively measure balance and are becoming the gold standard of balance testing. Static balance involves feedback from the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems to achieve steadiness. Balance or postural control is a necessary component of activities of daily living and sport.
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